Wese munhu anoziva kuti magineti anodiwa mumidziyo yemagetsi senge vatauri, vatauri, uye mahedhifoni, saka ndeapi mabasa anoita magineti mumagetsi emagetsi? Chii chinoita magineti kuita pamhando yekubuda kweruzha? Ndeipi magineti inofanirwa kushandiswa muvatauri vehunhu hwakasiyana?
Huya uongorore vatauri uye maspeaker magineti anewe nhasi.
Chinhu chikuru chinokonzeresa kuita ruzha mumudziyo wekuteerera mutauri, anowanzozivikanwa semutauri. Kunyangwe iri stereo kana mahedhifoni, ichi chikamu chakakosha chakakosha. Mutauri imhando yekuchinjisa mudziyo unoshandura masaini emagetsi kuita maacoustic masaini. Kuita kwemukurukuri kune simba guru pamhando yezwi. Kana iwe uchida kunzwisisa magineti emutauri, unofanirwa kutanga watanga nemusimboti wekunzwika wemutauri.
Mutauri anowanzo kuumbwa nezvinhu zvakati wandei zvakakosha seT iron, magineti, coil yezwi uye diaphragm. Isu tose tinoziva kuti magnetic field ichagadzirwa mumatare ekuitisa, uye simba remazuva ano rinokanganisa simba remagineti (kutungamirirwa kwemagnetic field kunotevera mutemo wekurudyi). Magineti inoenderana inogadzirwa. Iyi magnetic field inopindirana nemagnetic field inogadzirwa nemagineti pamutauri. Simba iri rinoita kuti inzwi ritenheke nesimba rezvinonzwika musimba remagineti remutauri. Iyo diaphragm yemukurukuri uye coil yezwi zvakabatanidzwa pamwechete. Kana inzwi richitenderera uye diaphragm yemukurukuri zvinobvunda pamwe chete kuti zvisundire mhepo yakapoteredza kuti ibvute, mukurukuri anobudisa inzwi.
Panyaya yeiyo magineti vhoriyamu uye izwi rimwechete coil, kuita kwemagineti kune yakanangana neruzha rwemutauri:
-Iyo yakakura iyo magineti flux density (magnetic induction) B yemagineti, ndiko kusimba kwekusundira kunobata pane inonzwika membrane.
-Iyo yakakura iyo magineti flux density (magnetic induction) B, iyo yakakura simba, uye yakakwirira iyo SPL inonzwika kumanikidza level (sensitivity).
Kunzwa kwehedhifoni (Headphone sensitivity) inoreva kudzvinyirirwa kwemutsindo uyo munzeve unogona kuburitsa kana wakanongedza kune sine wave ye1mw uye 1khz. Iyo unit of sound pressure is dB (decibel), iyo yakakura dzvinyiriro yeruzha, iyo yakakura vhoriyamu, saka iyo yakakwirira senitivity, yakadzikira iyo impedance, zviri nyore kuti mahedhifoni abudise ruzha.
-Iyo yakakura iyo magineti flux density (magnetic induction intensity) B, iyo yakaderera Q kukosha kwehuwandu hwemhando yemutauri.
Q kukosha (qualityfactor) inoreva boka rezviyero zvemukurukuri damping coefficient, apo Qms ndiyo inonyorovesa ye mechanical system, iyo inoratidza kutora uye kushandiswa kwesimba mukufamba kwezvikamu zvemukurukuri. Qes ndiko kudzikisira kwesimba remagetsi, iro rinonyanya kuratidzwa mukushandiswa kwesimba kwezwi coil DC kuramba; Qts ndiyo yakazara kunyorovesa, uye hukama pakati pezviviri zviri pamusoro apa Qts = Qms * Qes / (Qms + Qes).
-Iyo yakakura iyo magineti flux density (magnetic induction) B, zviri nani iyo inopfuura.
Nguva pfupi inogona kunzwisiswa se "kukurumidza kupindura" kune chiratidzo, Qms yakakwira. Nzeve dzine mhinduro yakanaka yenguva pfupi dzinofanira kudaira kana chiratidzo chauya, uye chiratidzo chinomira kana changomira. Semuyenzaniso, kushanduka kubva mutobvu kuenda kukubatanidza kunonyanya kuoneka mumadhiramu nemasymphonie ezviratidziro zvakakura.
Kune marudzi matatu emagineti emutauri pamusika: aluminium nickel cobalt, ferrite uye neodymium iron boron, Iwo magineti anoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi anonyanya neodymium magineti uye ferrites. Iwo aripo muhukuru hwakasiyana hwemhete kana disc maumbirwo. NdFeB inowanzo shandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro. Ruzha runogadzirwa neodymium magineti rine ruzha rwemhando yepamusoro, kunaka kweruzha kusimba, kuita kwakanaka kweruzha, uye kwakaringana nzvimbo yekurira. Tichivimba nekuita kwakanakisa kweHonsen Magnetics, diki uye yakareruka neodymium iron boron yakatanga kutsiva zvishoma nezvishoma maferrite makuru uye anorema.
Alnico ndiye aive magineti ekutanga aishandiswa muvatauri, semutauri muma1950s nema1960s (anozivikanwa setiweta). Kazhinji inogadzirwa mukati magineti speaker (yekunze magineti mhando inowanikwawo). Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvokuti simba racho idiki, iyo frequency range yakamanikana, yakaoma uye brittle, uye kugadzirisa kwacho kunokanganisa zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, cobalt ishomeka sosi, uye mutengo wealuminium nickel cobalt wakakwira zvakanyanya. Kubva pamaonero ekuita kwemutengo, kushandiswa kwealuminium nickel cobalt yemagineti emutauri idiki.
Ferrites anowanzo gadzirwa kuva ekunze magineti speaker. Iyo ferrite magineti kuita yakadzikira, uye imwe vhoriyamu inodiwa kusangana nekutyaira kwemutauri. Naizvozvo, inowanzo shandiswa kune akakura-vhoriyamu maaudio speaker. Kubatsira kweferrite ndeyekuti yakachipa uye inodhura-inoshanda; chakashata ndechekuti vhoriyamu yakakura, simba idiki, uye frequency renji idiki.
Iwo magineti zvimiro zveNdFeB akakwirira kure neAlNiCo uye ferrite uye parizvino ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa magineti pavatauri, kunyanya vatauri vepamusoro. Zvakanakira ndezvekuti pasi peiyo magineti inoyerera, huwandu hwayo hudiki, simba rakakura, uye frequency renji yakafara. Parizvino, mahedhifoni eHiFi anonyanya kushandisa magineti akadaro. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvekuti nekuda kwezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepasi, mutengo wezvinhu wakakwira.
Chekutanga pane zvese, zvinodikanwa kujekesa ambient tembiricha pari kushanda mutauri, uye kuona kuti ndeipi magineti inofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nekupisa. Magineti akasiyana ane akasiyana tembiricha ekudzivirira maitiro, uye yakanyanya tembiricha yekushanda yavanogona kutsigira zvakare yakasiyana. Kana tembiricha yenzvimbo yekushanda yemagineti ichidarika tembiricha yepamusoro yekushanda, zviitiko zvakaita semagineti kuita attenuation uye demagnetization zvinogona kuitika, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakananga kurira kwemutauri.
